When individual fishing boats harvest more fish each year in order to maximize profits while, as a result, threatening the fish population with extinction, it is called:
a public goods dilemma.
the tragedy of the commons.
relative deprivation.
sustainable consumption.
competition.

The correct answer is ‘the tragedy of the commons’.

The tragedy of the commons is a problem where overexploitation of resources for personal interest starts impacting collective interests. It can be better understood when individual fishing boats start harvesting more fish each year just to maximize their profits; whereas, overlooking or threatening the overall fish population. So basically it is an economic problem where individual users start behaving in contrary to the common good of all users in accordance to their own self-interest.

all of them make sense but, i would have to say ask someone who has been there/or lives there, and/or read recent newspapers from that city.

hope this !

in terms of experimental research, mcdonald’s charging different prices in the two cities relates to