Andrew, a college student, loves drinking coffee late at night to study for exams. having no income, he is used to buying cheap, bad-tasting coffee, such as beanlightened, that he needs to grind and brew himself. the coffee tastes putrid but, with enough cream and sugar, andrew is able to tolerate it. occasionally, he does go out to starbucks when he has spare money. after graduation, andrew gets a job working at a database firm as a programmer. his income is now a healthy $75,000 a year, and he decides he has had enough bad-tasting coffee. he ends up buying coffee daily from starbucks, even though it costs significantly more than beanlightened. andrew's demand for starbucks coffee changed as a result of a change in income. a change in technology. a change in expectations. a change in a related good or service. a change in the number of consumers. beanlightened coffee is for andrew a(n) in economic terms, starbucks coffee is for andrew a(n)

The hawthorne works was a large western electric factory with 45,000 employees. during the 1920s and 1930s, hawthorne works was the site of some well-known industrial studies. in one of the studies, researchers investigated the impact of different working conditions on worker productivity. prior to the start of the study, researchers secretly measured workers' productivity for several weeks. then researchers chose two workers, who then chose their own teams. the teams were separated from the general workforce and completed their work in different experiment rooms where the researchers could observe them more easily. over a 5-year period researchers manipulated the structure of the workday for each team (number and duration of breaks and number of hours per shift). for each of these changes in working conditions, the researchers measured the effect on productivity. for some conditions, such as frequent short breaks, workers rebelled by intentionally decreasing productivity. why did the researchers secretly measure the workers' productivity before creating the two treatment groups? a, to create similar treatment groups so that a cause-and-effect relationship could be establishedb, to draw conclusions about the productivity of all workers in the plant based on the test groupsc, to directly control for confounding variablesd, to provide a baseline for measuring worker productivity

The leading producer of cell phone backup batteries, jumpstart, has achieved great success because they produce high-quality battery backups that are not too expensive. even so, another company that produces lower-quality batteries at the same price has also achieved some success, but not as much as jumpstart. also, in general, the price of backup batteries has declined because of economies of scale and learning. in addition, jumpstart has added complementary assets, such as a carrying case. considering all of these factors, the backup battery industry is most likely in the introduction stage. growth stage. shakeout stage. maturity stage.

The impact fiscal multiplier is a. usually estimated to have an average value of 2. b. usually estimated to have an average value of 0. c. the actual immediate multiplier effect of a fiscal policy action after taking into consideration direct fiscal offsets and other short-term crowding out of private spending. d. the multiplier effect of a fiscal policy action that applies to a long-run period after all influences on equilibrium real gdp have been taken into account.