In order for researchers to be able to say that variable a causes variable b, they must eliminate the possible influence of

In order for researchers to be able to say that variable a causes variable b, they must eliminate the possible influence of "confounding variables."

A confounding variable is an outside impact that progressions the impact of a reliant and autonomous variable. This incidental impact is utilized to impact the result of an exploratory plan. Basically, a confounding variable is an additional variable went into the condition that was not represented. Confounding variables can destroy a test and create futile outcomes. They recommend that there are relationships when there truly are most certainly not. In an examination, the autonomous variable by and large affects the dependent variable.  

d. all of the above are true.