On june 30, 20x1, after paying the semiannual interest due and recording amortization of bond discount, hake redeemed its 15-year, 8% $1,000,000 par bonds at 102. hake has a policy to redeem bonds when it is advantageous to do so. the bonds, which had a carrying amount of $940,000 on january 1, 20x1, had originally been issued to yield 10%. hake used the effective interest method of amortization and paid interest and recorded amortization on june 30. compute the amount of gain or loss on the redemption of the bonds.

Suppose that a major city’s main thoroughfare, which is also an interstate highway, will be completely closed to traffic for two years, from january 2014 to december 2015, for reconstruction at a cost of $535 million. if the construction company were to keep the highway open for traffic during construction, the highway reconstruction project would take much longer and be more expensive. suppose that construction would take four years if the highway were kept open, at a total cost of $800 million. the state department of transportation had to make its decision in 2014, one year before the start of construction (so that the first payment was one year away). so the department of transportation had the following choices: (i) close the highway during construction, at an annual cost of $267.5 million per year for two years. (ii) keep the highway open during construction, at an annual cost of $200 million per year for four years. now suppose the interest rate is 80%. calculate the present value of the costs incurred under each plan.