Court awards of damages take place ex post, and anticipation of those awards provides ex ante incentives to fulfill promises, while leaving the flexibility to breach contracts when it is efficient to do so. the parties to a contract may also write into the contract contingencies in the event of breach. this liquidated damages approach is ex ante and is based on the principle that

Proportion of us adults who own a cell phone. in a survey of 1006 us adults in 2014, 90% said they had a cell phone.1

Following is a list of various costs incurred in producing replacement automobile parts. with respect to the production and sale of these auto parts, classify each cost as either variable costs, fixed costs, or mixed costs. 1. oil used in manufacturing equipment 2. plastic 3. property taxes, $165,000 per year on factory building and equipment 4. salary of plant manager 5. cost of labor for hourly workers 6. packaging 7. factory cleaning costs, $6,000 per month 8. metal 9. rent on warehouse, $10,000 per month plus $25 per square foot of storage used 10. property insurance premiums, $3,600 per month plus $0.01 for each dollar of property over $1,200,000 11. straight-line depreciation on the production equipment 12. hourly wages of machine operators 13. electricity costs, $0.20 per kilowatt-hour 14. computer chip (purchased from a vendor) 15. pension cost, $1.00 per employee hour on the job

Which represents a surplus in the market? a market price equals equilibrium price. b quantity supplied is greater than quantity demanded. c market price is less than equilibrium price. d quantity supplied equals quantity demanded.