What accurs when when food is left to long at temperaturs that support pathogens growth?

Ascientific idea becomes valid when it is what?

Grasses--> mice--> cats--> coyotes suppose 10,000 units of energy are available at the level of the grasses. what is the total number of energy units lost by the time energy reaches the coyote?

What are the three different shapes or structures shapes or structure of carbon-based molecules?