At which time after clear-cutting does the ecosystem exhibit the greasterst species richnes

This is enough time to allow the trunks of the clear-cut tree to be colonized by decomposers such as fungi and bryophytes. At this time, the biodiversity richness could reach 80% while biomass could reach 50%. Clear cut, therefore, shows that natural regeneration is better than the active restoration of forests.

maritime tropical may be your answer.

idk what the options are but

these is a strong electrostatic attraction between the ions hence a lot of energy is needed to overcome this attraction

this is why the boiling points are so high