About one year is required in the gymnosperm: 1. to develop the egg 2. to grow the male and female cones 3. between pollination and fertilization 4. between fertilization and germination

these muscles maintain the blood pressure in the vessels. the smooth muscles are innervated by nerves of the autonomic nervous system. when the muscles contract, they cause vasoconstriction of the vessels and increase blood pressure. when the muscles relax, they enable vasodilation of the   blood vessels hence reduce blood pressure.