Where do mutations occur in the genome?

Mutations occur in the genetic material of the cell, which changes the chromosomes and the genetic elements/makeup of the cell or genome.

The answer is observations and interpreting.

Well, both latitude and intensity of light affect temperature because, the higher the light intensity, the higher the temperature and since latitude is the measure of how close you are to the equator, then the closer to the equator you are, the higher the temperature is.