According to the starling law, effects on cardiac rate and contractility include decreasing the rate of contraction and increasing the filling time resulting in a stronger contraction.

According to the starling law, parasympathetic effects on cardiac rate and contractility include decreasing the rate of contraction and increasing the filling time resulting in a stronger contraction.
The Frank-starling law of the heart states that the stroke volume of the heart increases in response to an increase in the volume of blood filling the heart when all other factors remain constant.

Parasympathetic is your answer

The open ocean begins at the low-tide mark and extends to the end of the continental shelf

above statement is not a true statement about the open ocean because the open ocean has low levels of nutrients. most of the photosynthetic activity on earth occurs in the open ocean within the photic zone. organisms in the deep ocean are exposed to frigid temperatures and total darkness but it does not begin at the low-tide mark.