Topographic maps represent an area's physical features by describing

The maps are defined as the 2 dimensional representation of the earth's surface. The topographic maps are those maps that describes the topography of a particular area, the type of relief and the features that are present over the surface.

The topographic maps represents the physical features of an area by describing the following-

(1) Map scale- It is one of the most important data that enables the reader to understand how big or small the area is.

(2) Contour lines- These are lines of equal elevations. Each lines represents the height of that location above the mean sea level and they never intersect each other. Closely spaced contours indicates a steep slope, whereas widely spaced contours depicts a gentle slope.

In addition to this, the water bodies, rivers are often highlighted with bluish color.

enzyme active site and substrate specificity

enzymes bind with chemical reactants called substrates. there may be one or more substrates for each type of enzyme, depending on the particular chemical reaction. in some reactions, a single-reactant substrate is broken down into multiple products