Heartburn is commonly treated with buffers such as sodium bicarbonate and aluminum hydroxide, which neutralize the effects of hcl in the stomach. newer therapies such as h2-receptor antangonists or protein pump inhibitors also alleviate the symptoms of heartburn. use your knowledge of digestive physiology to explain how each systems (older verses newer) work.

The older version of using (sodium bicarbonate and aluminum hydroxide) used the concept of using a base to neutralize the acid. This reduces the acidity in the stomach hence alleviate the heartburn. The newer version (h2-receptor antagonists or protein pump inhibitors) inhibit the progression of the biological pathway that results in secretion of HCL by the parietal cells of the stomach.

the answer is d. chordata

c) 50% there are four chromosomes. after crossing over, 2 of the four have been changed. that means any gamete has a 2 in 4 chance or 50% chance of receiving the mutated chromosome.