In the evolutionary adaptation sense, what is fitness?

a. the reproductive success of an individual
b. the ability of an individual to survive
c. the strength of an individual
d. the larger size of an individual

a

To answer this question, researchers studied populations of the dusky salamander (desmognathus ochrophaeus) living on different mountain ranges in the southern appalachian mountains. the researchers tested the reproductive isolation of pairs of salamander populations by leaving one male and one female together and later checking the females for the presence of sperm. four mating combinations were tested for each pair of populations (a and b)—two within the same population (female a with male a and female b with male b) and two between populations (female a with male b and female b with male a). the proportion of successful matings for each mating combination was measured. for example, when all the matings of a particular combination were successful, the researchers gave it a value of 1; when none of the matings were successful, they gave it a value of 0. then the researchers calculated an index of reproductive isolation that ranged from 0 (no isolation) to 2 (full isolation). the reproductive isolation value for two populations is the sum of the proportion of successful matings of each type within populations (aa + bb) minus the sum of the proportion of successful matings of each type between populations (ab + ba). the table provides data for the geographic distances and reproductive isolation values for 27 pairs of dusky salamander populations.

Which of the following describes a difference when gram-positive bacteria are compared to gram-negative bacteria?

You are working in the lab and are working with the same element but with varying isotopes of the element. you are working with c-11, c-13, c-14, and c-15. what is the average atomic mass of this element? (use periodic table) a- 12 b-15 c-14 d-13