The effect of human disturbance on animal populations is? a. density-dependent b. density-independent c. unobservable d. stabilizing

A. Density- dependent

A limiting factor is an ecological factor which is responsible for limiting the growth, abundance and distribution of the population of species in an ecosystem. A limiting factor can be either of the two types:

The density dependent factor is the limiting factor which is responsible for the change in the per capita growth of the population on the basis of available density of the members of the population. For example, the huge folks of prey population may be attracted by the population of the predator.

The density independent factor is the limiting factor which brings change in the per capita growth of the population of the species but it is not dependent upon the density of the population. For example, natural disaster.

Human disturbance is a density dependent limiting factor for animals because the human disturbance can be in the form of forest fire, hunting, poaching, bomb explosion desired to kill a large population of animals.  

you know they are heterozygous for a trait because they have it as jj or jj.