Primary reinforcers are related to secondary reinforcers in which of the following ways?

Which of the following statements describes how the characteristics of different species of mammals reflect the evolutionary relationships among those species? shared anatomy among mammals, such as hair and mammary glands, suggests that a common ancestral species had these features. similarities in the dna and protein structures of mammal species suggest that these species evolved from a common ancestor. although all modern species of mammals share some features, the differences between them mean they cannot share a common ancestor.

Which equation is used to calculate the magnetic force on a charge moving in a magnetic field

How does a lytic infection differ from a lysogenic infection?