How does using killed or weakened bacteria in an immunization the body prevent infections? a.) antibodies are formed that fight those types of bacteria. b.) the body develops a fever that kills beneficial bacteria. c.) bacterial reproductive cycles are disrupted. d.) bacteria-fighting viruses are activated.,

The answer is A.) Antibodies are formed that fight those types of bacteria.

To explain, your immune system protects you from invasive bacteria by attacking and destroying them. The problem is that your system needs to recognize invading organisms like bacteria. Remember that bacteria cells have many of the same types of structures as your own cells, and you do not want your immune system to attack your own body. Special cells called T-cells and B-cells participate in this process. To make a long story short, antibodies are special molecules that your immune system "labels" invading bacteria with, so that it knows what to attack. These antibodies only fit on molecular structures of the targeted bacteria.

When a dead or weakened bacteria, or even pieces of a bad bacteria are introduced to the body, the B-cells and T-cells create antibodies that label that specific type of bacteria, or even its parts. They also remember how to make them in the future, so that later, when and if infected with a live version of that bacteria, the immune system already makes the antibodies to fight that infection. The process can work for viruses too.

Atp is is our little "pocket" of energy. of course, if you have too little, then it means you have too little energy, and you'll pass out. the way to not have enough, is to have no energy sources (glucose, fats, proteins). you can't have too many atp molecules. cycles like the krebs cycle produce it, but if you have too much of any substrate (or too little for that matter), the cycle stops and atp is no longer made (it stops until substrate levels are such that the process can go on). in any case, this is unlikely since atp is constantly hydrolyzed and remade, even while you're asleep. you won't have too much. if you have zero, you are dead or dying.