Which sphere does a volcanologist most directly study?

Volcanoes are formed when the magma rises up towards the surface of the earth. It takes place near active plate boundaries as well as in the regions of hotspots. Scientists who study the volcanoes are considered as the volcanologist.

The sphere in which a volcano is directly studied is the lithosphere,

Volcanoes are formed both on the land areas as well as over the ocean floors. And as volcanic eruption takes place, a huge amount of toxic gases are released into the atmosphere. So, a volcano interacts overall with the geosphere, which collectively includes the lithosphere, atmosphere, and the hydrosphere.

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it provides an alternative energy pathway for the reaction to proceed.

a catalyst is a substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction but is not consumed during the course of the reaction.

catalysts increase the rate of reaction without being used up. they do this by lowering the activation energy needed. with a catalyst, more collisions result in a reaction, so the rate of reaction increases. different reactions need different catalysts.

a catalyst works by providing an alternative reaction pathway to the reaction product. the rate of the reaction is increased as this alternative route has a lower activation energy than the reaction route not mediated by the catalyst.