Variations in infectious and chronic diseases from one country to another may be attributed to:

 I think they may be attributed to Climate, access to health care and cultural factors. The occurrence of diseases my be described by places which may provide insight into geographic extent of the problem and its geographic variation. Characterization by place refers not only to place of residence but also to any geographic location relevant to disease occurrence.

If these are the missing choices: a. to determine skin temperature, place the back of your hand against the patient's skin.b. determine body temperature by touching the patient's hands and feet.c. skin temperature will tell you very little about this patient's condition or well-being.d. the patient's skin temperature and color will likely be warm and red.my answer is: a. to determine skin temperature, place the back of your hand against the patient's skin. using the back of the hand to check for temperature rather than the palm is more effective because the back of the hand has more nerves that can feel and transmit the temperature than the palm.