An enveloped virus is dependent on the envelope for its ability to infect a host cell. which virus most likely uses this mechanism?
hiv
polio
rabies
ebola

The right answer is HIV virus.

The HIV has on its surface about twenty trimers gp120 / gp41 (on its envelope) which will be used for the attachment of the virus on a cell receptor (CD4) of the target cells. These two proteins are encoded by the same gene (Env) and are synthesized as a precursor which will be glycosylated (addition of sugars) and cleaved by a protease.

Fixation of the trimer to the CD4 receptor induces a conformational change in the gp120 protein, which will increase its affinity for cellular coreceptors (CCR5 or CXCR4). Again, a conformational change occurs on the gp41 protein, which will allow the fusion of the virus and cell membranes.

creative diagnostics provides a protocol for total protein extraction based on ripa which is widely used.

1. a host loses nutrients to a parasite

2. a parasite only benefits when the host is alive (cause if the host dies the parasite dies with it )

3. producers to consumers

4. the tapeworm is a parasite

5. they convert energy from the sun (photosynthesis)

6. sunflower-robin (i think im 80% sure)

7. producer

8. consumer

9. prey

10. fresh water snails ( cause the green algea is the producer and the snails are the primary consumers and the small fish consumer so is the big fish)