You are a scientist who discovers three new species of beetles in the jungles of south america. describe, in detail, how a protein found in each of these beetles can be used to determine which species are more closely related. be sure to answer this question in paragraph form using complete sentences.

The chromosomal structure that limits the number of cell divisions of a cell is the the chromosomal structure that limits the number of cell divisions of a cell is the kinetochore telomere histones centromere

The kidney filters potentially toxic substances in the blood, and thus “clears” the blood of those substances. this clearance function is dependent upon and proportional to the diffusion gradient of the substance across filtering capillaries, i. e. if the concentration of the substance is doubled, twice as much will be cleared from each ml of blood that is filtered. suppose that the body produces a constant amount of a substance x per unit of time. the kidneys eliminate substance x at a rate directly proportional to the concentration of the substance and the volume of blood cleared each minute (c): elimination = c × [x], where [x] is the steady-state concentration of substance x. imagine an individual with an initial concentration of x equal to [x]0 who develops kidney disease. her baseline clearance c0 drops to one half of the original (½c0). what is the new steady state concentration of x? (for simplicity, assume that substance x is 100% filtered by the kidney).

List the four types of organic compounds found in all living things and explain why they are important.