What type of inheritance patterns are exhibited by the pedigree, and how are the affected genotypes created?

Groups of organisms with low biotic potential, such as gray whales, that produce at most one offspring every other year a) are r-selected b) are k-selected c) are not subject to density-dependent limiting factors d) show the initial stages of the extinction process e) have escaped from the processes of natural selection and adaptation

Are the layers of rock above and below the coal older or younger?

Ineed with a hypothesis my question is can seeds sprout in different locations?