Which of these describes a quantitative observation?
a. an observation of the phenomenon itself
b. an observation of the relative size of something
c. an observation of an effect the phenomenon has
d. an observation that has a number associated with it

micro/nanoscale topography surface exhibits many prominent properties and is extensively employed in biomedical device, microfluidic device and energy device fabrication. additionally, the clinical applications of biomaterials can be largely expanded with of nanostructured surfaces.

and after water is usually warmed by the sun the water temperature raises and then evaporates .