Apopulation of tree frogs lives in a forest. a river runs through the middle of the forest. a particularly snowy winter is followed by an unusually rainy spring. the rain and melting snow cause the river to overflow its banks, flooding half the forest. the pattern of precipitation continues over the next 10 years, keeping the same half of the forest flooded. discuss the effect the flooding might have on the population of tree frogs that inhabits the flooded areas versus those that inhabit the area of the forest that is not flooded

The kidney filters potentially toxic substances in the blood, and thus “clears” the blood of those substances. this clearance function is dependent upon and proportional to the diffusion gradient of the substance across filtering capillaries, i. e. if the concentration of the substance is doubled, twice as much will be cleared from each ml of blood that is filtered. suppose that the body produces a constant amount of a substance x per unit of time. the kidneys eliminate substance x at a rate directly proportional to the concentration of the substance and the volume of blood cleared each minute (c): elimination = c × [x], where [x] is the steady-state concentration of substance x. imagine an individual with an initial concentration of x equal to [x]0 who develops kidney disease. her baseline clearance c0 drops to one half of the original (½c0). what is the new steady state concentration of x? (for simplicity, assume that substance x is 100% filtered by the kidney).