What characteristics of a sound wave determine the loudness and pitch that we perceive?

The intensity of the sound wave, that is the amplitude and distance from wave source, determines the loudness of a sound. The frequency of the sound wave determines the pitch that we perceive.

Hope this helped

Tobey.

1. glaciers are melting

2. more water going into ocean (water's such as fresh waters, etc)

the answer to your question is b