The bacteria in a colony are unable to perform transduction. how would this hurt the bacterial colony's chance for survival?

Ans.

Transduction is a process of gene transfer in bacteria that involves transfer of genes from a bacterium (host cells) to another bacterium (recipient cell) via bacteriophages.

Transduction is an important process at it causes genetic recombination in bacterial population and increases genetic diversity within them. Genetic diversity increases chances of survival of organisms as it provides ability to adapt to new conditions, such as change in environment or resource scarcity.  

Thus, if a bacterial colony cannot perform transduction, chances for survival for this bacterial colony will decrease.

the father in the first generation probably had the recessive colorblind trait in his x chromosome. if he and his wife both had the colorblind trait, even if she had 1 recessive and 1 dominant, then that trait would be passed on to their kids.

(since you didn't attach the family tree this is just an assumption)

voluntary muscles are controlled by the cerebellum.