Predators rarely kill and eat all available prey because:
predator and prey species often occupy the same trophic level in an ecosystem
prey species often lack protective mechanisms to deter being eaten
many predator and prey species have a commensalistic relationship
predator species often will switch its prey as one prey species becomes less abundant

If the primary predator of a prey species is eliminated, the prey species’ population will increase to the point of overpopulating the ecosystem. This overpopulation will result in depletion of the prey species’ food supplies as more individuals compete for the same resources and can ultimately lead to the prey species starving.

Explanation: hope it helps ^w^

they each offer a fresh glut of resources to the organisms that can arrive and exploit them. as individuals and new species continue to appear, they actively and passively alter the environment. competition for shared resources increases, local abiotic and biotic conditions shift, and the relative abundances of species change accordingly. the process is called ecological succession, and it is one of the earliest and most well-known concepts in ecology.

answer: 4

explanation: 8