Which statement best describes the molecular structure of protein, along with one of the functions of proteins?
it is a straight chain hydrocarbon that can fight disease.
it is a complex, folded chain that regulate cell processes.
it is a simple carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen molecule that creates movement.
it is a chain of nucleotides, and forms muscle, bone, and ligaments.

The second option is the best answer.

Proteins are complex polymers of amino acids. They are folded into 3 dimensional structures . This folding defines not only the size and shape of the protein, but also its function.

The folding of a protein allows for interactions between amino acids that may be distant from each other in the primary  sequence of the protein. In enzymes, some of these amino acids form a site in the structure that catalyzes the enzymatic reaction. This site is called the active site.

step 1: initiation

initiation is the beginning of transcription. it occurs when the enzyme rna polymerase binds to a region of a gene called the promoter. this signals the dna to unwind so the enzyme can ‘‘read’’ the bases in one of the dna strands. the enzyme is now ready to make a strand of mrna with a complementary sequence of bases.

step 2: elongation

elongation is the addition of nucleotides to the mrna strand. rna polymerase reads the unwound dna strand and builds the mrna molecule, using complementary base pairs. there is a brief time during this process when the newly formed rna is bound to the unwound dna. during this process, an adenine (a) in the dna binds to an uracil (u) in the rna.

step 3: termination

termination is the ending of transcription, and occurs when rna polymerase crosses a stop (termination) sequence in the gene. the mrna strand is complete, and it detaches from dna.

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