What is the role of the greenhouse gases in the atmosphere? a) they trap some of the sun’s heat energy within the atmosphere, to maintain earth’s average temperature. b) they prevent most of the sun’s rays from reaching earth, thereby preventing earth from heating up. c) they divert the sun’s heat from the equator to the poles, causing the ice caps to melt, leading to global warming. d) they destroy the ozone layer, allowing harmful ultraviolet rays of the sun to reach the surface of earth.

the two answers are a, the population of birds with large beaks will increase on the island, and c, the trait for large beaks will be passed on to future generations through natural selection. the reason for that is because if the birds that have beaks developed for eating small seeds lose all of their food, they will go hungry and eventually starve because they physically cannot eat the large seeds, therefore making the population of large beaked birds higher. also, if the trait of large beaks are dominant on the island over small beaks, then over time the large beaked birds will reproduce more and more, while the smaller beaked birds will reproduce less and less because they can't survive with the food provided. that leads to the trait of small beaks disappearing and the trait of large beaks taking over the island.