To be members of the same species two organisms must
a. hunt for the same food source.
b. be similar in color.
c. be able to mate and produce fertile offspring.
d. live on the same continent.

protocol for imps extraction focusing on membrane protein extraction, solubilisation, and purification.

it provides an alternative energy pathway for the reaction to proceed.

a catalyst is a substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction but is not consumed during the course of the reaction.

catalysts increase the rate of reaction without being used up. they do this by lowering the activation energy needed. with a catalyst, more collisions result in a reaction, so the rate of reaction increases. different reactions need different catalysts.

a catalyst works by providing an alternative reaction pathway to the reaction product. the rate of the reaction is increased as this alternative route has a lower activation energy than the reaction route not mediated by the catalyst.