Describe the possible effects of a mutation on an organism. describe an example for each effect you mention.

1) No real change in a the phenotype
The genetic code of an organism is very long, and not all segments correspond to a phenotype. Often, a mutation in an organism will result in no noticeable change in any phenotype, meaning there will be no visible effect of the mutation on the organism. 

2) A small change in a phenotype. 
Somtimes a mutation will render a very small change in the phenotype of an organism. One example is a certain type of birthmark, which is caused by a single mutation. 

3) A significant change in the phenotype. 
A mutation can also lead to significant changes in the phenotype of the organism. One example is a mutation that causes bacteria, or other organisms, to become resistant to viruses or antibiotics. This mutation causes a huge change in the organism's survivability (fitness), and thus will cause it to be passed on often to new organisms. 

Genetic engineering is the answer.