You should do more paraphrasing than any other type of listening

This is a true statement. This shows the speaker that you are not only aware of what they are speaking about, but that you have taken the information in, processed it, and synthesized it with what you already know and can make links to it with this previously understood information.

4, two dominant and two recessive

Amutation is basically the change in the gene, caused by alteration of single based units in the dna, or the genes or chromosomes were rearranged in the dna