Minerals can form deep inside earth’s crust by a. cleavage and fracture. b. friction along faults. c. crystallization of melted materials. d. evaporation of ancient seas

Option (C)

Explanation: When the molten magma under the earth's crust becomes cool, it then solidifies and forms crystals, by the process of crystallization.

This minerals then combines to form rocks, and the rocks that are formed by the crystallization of magma is known as the igneous rocks. For example, granite, rhyolite.

Rocks are the aggregates of minerals. Common examples of some minerals are olivine, pyroxene, amphibole and feldspar.

Thus, the correct answer is option (C).

most community's take hundreds of years to become stable

"1. it should be, it has been for about 20 years, and it's really not much different in the end than breeding animals to have particular traits. there are always concerns about genetically engineered animals/plants affecting the environment in unexpected negative ways, but i can't think of an example where the fears didn't turn out to be baseless.  

first, as you point out, it would be a great advance in pharmacology, to be able to tailor drugs and their doses to me. the pros involve better medical treatment. the cons involve privacy issues like insurance companies denying coverage to people with genetic risk factors. looking at dna markers wouldn't affect the frequency of genetic diseases, but it would allow detection of them earlier. and ok, actually i suppose that if people used this information to avoid having children with genetic diseases, some might decrease in frequency."