Amolten mixture of rock forming substances, gases, and water from the mantle is referred to as

Magma-
The molten mixture of rock-forming substances, gases, and water from the mantle. This is making me type at least 20 characters for no reason. Anyways here is you answer i hope this helps

The soviet union beat the us to the first successful launch, with the october 4, 1957, orbiting of sputnik 1, and later beat the us to have the first human in earth orbit, yuri gagarin, on april 12, 1961. the "race" peaked with the july 20, 1969, us landing of the first humans on the moon with apollo 11