Many proteins other than histones are found associ- ated with chromosomes. what roles do these nonhis- tone proteins play?

As far as I concerned, what they do are :
1. As a regulator. During transcription until translation, this system regulate by so many regulator which make up by protein. You will read more about this in gene regulation topic. How our genome which contain the same sequence in all of our cells can express different fenotype.
2. As a transcriptional factor. To inisiate transcription, these system need that factor to accelerate this step. RNA polymerase will stick to promoter with the stimulation of this factor.

1. true.2. true.3. true.4. false.5. true.the concept of darwin's theory of evolution involves the idea that there are limited resources in a given living environment and that the organisms which live within have variations in their genetic make up due to random mating. the ones with beneficial genetic variations can express certain traits which give them an upper hand in surviving and reproducing in the said environment compared to ones who may have a more disadvantageous variation in traits. over time, the organisms with an upper hand will survive and reproduce more frequently and pass on their beneficial genes while the others die. the result is evolution, where we observe (usually, but not always) eventually, phenotypic distinct changes.