Which of the following could result in secondary succession?

The possible answers are

a. the formation of a tall sand dune on a previously grassy beach

b. a vast glacier in motion forming a U-shaped valley on its wake

c. a volcanic eruption that covers most of what used to be a forest

d. an introduced species that devastates native plants as it feeds

The correct answer is D

Secondary succession is an ecological process that happens when plants colonize a new habitat.

In primary succession, plants colonize a completely new, barren land with no soil present.

In secondary succession, the colonization happens in a habitat that has already been populated by plants and other forms of life, but the habitat has been damaged in some way that led to the opening for a place in the habitat for some new organisms.

In our example with the introduced species, the devastation of the native plants opens a space in the ecosystem for other forms of life to take their places.

correct answer is option a.

tropopause, stratopause and mesopause have all in common aspect that is point of maximum temperature in its layer of the atmosphere. all layers of atmosphere observe abrupt change in temperature. tropopause is the boundary between troposphere and stratosphere. stratopause is the boundary between stratosphere and mesosphere. mesopause is the boundary between mesosphere and thermosphere. these all boundaries are ranges between altitude of 0 to 80 km.

equal distribution i think.