In contrast to the practice in modern industrial society, in nature one organism’s waste is another’s resource all organisms require a source of energy each organism has its own niche organisms are provided with food and water

The correct option is A.
The nature is organized in such a way that, one organism's waste is what the other organism will use as its own resources. For instance,  during the process of photosynthesis, the oxygen that is produced as the by product of the photosynthesis process is what humans use to carry out their own breathing process.

Ithink that b is correct but just in case wait to see if someone else answers

C. gemstones they are the only non metallic mineral from the list.