Sort the variables of these three studies based on whether they are independent or dependent variables. study 1: the effect of light on flowering patterns of plants study 2: the effect of penicillin on the growth of e. coli study 3: the effect of progesterone on the ovulation of rats lightflowering of e. coliovulation

An independent variable is a variable whose variation does not depend on that of another; it is the variable that is controlled or changed in an experiment in order to test the effect on the dependent variable. The depend variable is the variable that is been tested and measured in an experiment.
From the question given above:
1. Light is an INDEPENDENT VARIABLE.
2. Flowering pattern is a DEPENDENT VARIABLE.
This is because, the flowering pattern depend on the amount of light to which the plant is exposed.
3. Penicillin is an INDEPENDENT VARIABLE
4. Growth of E coli is a DEPENDENT VARIABLE
This is because the growth of the E Coli is dependent on the amount of penicillin that is added to the culture medium.
5. Progesterone is an INDEPENDENT VARIABLE
6. Ovulation is a DEPENDENT VARIABLE.
This is because the ovulation of rat depends on the amount of progesterone that is added.