Provide an explanation for the fact that α-d-mannose is more stable than β-d-mannose, whereas the opposite is true for glucose.

The explanation behind the stability of α-d-mannose in comparison to β-d-mannose is found in its structure. The α-d-mannose does not have an axial hydroxyl group at C2 while it is found to be present in β-d-mannose. Meanwhile β-d-glucose is more stable than α -d-mannose because of all its OH groups found in the equatorial axis which lessens steric hindrance. 

humans can cause extinction of a species through overharvesting, pollution, habitat destruction, introduction of invasive species (such as new predators and food competitors), overhunting, and other influences. explosive, unsustainable human population growth is an essential cause of the extinction crisis.

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