What effect do calcium ions have on the water in ecosystems? a. they reduce its ph. b. they decrease its salinity. c. they add to its hardness. d. they increase its acidity.

It adds to the hardness

Explanation:

explanation:

for  example, forests have higher evapotranspiration than other ecosystems,  such  as grasslands, because of their deeper roots and greater leaf area. thus forests have a net moistening effect on the atmosphere and become a moisture source for downwind ecosystems.

b. read the phase at the intersection of any given temperature and pressure.