The total number of elements that have been identified is: 20 92 52 118

Which is an advantage of having memory cells when a pathogen is encountered for a second time. a) the memory cells are what proliferate into clones of cells in response to the binding of an antigen. b) memory cells are vital to the primary immune response in that they immediately recognize pathogens even at the first encounter. c) memory cells are essentially effector cells that are short lived and attack antigens even without having a receptor specific to that antigen. d) it ensures that more lymphocytes with a receptor specific to a particular antigen will be present than in a host that had never encountered that pathogen.

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10111213141516lactic acid fermentation differs from ethyl alcohol fermentation in thato in ethyl alcohol fermentation co2 is also producedlactic acid fermentation can occur in all living thingsethyl alcohol fermentation can only occur in plantsonly lactic acid fermentation can produce more atp