2 facts about the cytoplasm

With the description of the different cell walls, membranes, and associated proteins set in the students' minds, you now need to introduce them to the idea that the cell wall can also act as a foundation to build things upon. bacterial appendages require a strong foundation that will offer the support needed to move and function in a dynamic world. for example, flagella are long, whiplike protein structures that are used by many gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria for locomotion. in order to function effectively, a flagellum must be firmly anchored to the cell wall. how will you be able to get across the idea that the peptidoglycan cell wall is strong enough to support such a mechanism? with a protein rod that passes through the cell wall and protein rings used to anchor it in the membranes, these basal bodies are the rudimentary biological motors that use atp power to spin the hook and the flagella attached to it. bacterial flagella have a biological motor that spins within the cell wall and is powered by atp. this allows the flagella to spin in a whiplike motion to propel the bacterium.

How many species of living things are alive on earth today? more than 1,000,000 none of these answers are correct 100-500 1,000 –500,000 o 500,000 -1,000,000

Which of these has happened to your food by the time it reaches your small intestine? a. all the macromolecules have been broken down completely. b. lipids and starches have been partially broken down. c. starches and proteins have been partially broken down. d. proteins and lipids have been broken down into subunits.