Sample prep pcr amplification pcr purification sequencing prep dna sequencing sequence analysis a. computer builds dna sequence to match b. copy the bacterial dna c. production of variable length dna samples d. extract dna by dissolving cell wall with buffer e. remove contaminants from dna f. separate the individual dna pieces by length

step 1: nitrogen fixation- conversion of atmospheric no₂ into forms useful to plants by lightning, bacteria, and cyanobacteria.

step 2: nitrification-process of converting ammonia to nitrite or nitrate.

step 3: assimilation-plant roots absorb new form of nitrogen.

step 4: ammonification-conversion of organic nitrogen to ammonia by bacteria involved in decomposition.

step 5: denitrification-bacteria turns the decomposed matter back into n₂o, which is released into atmosphere; repeat cycle.