Placing a rat in a cage where electrical shocks over which the rat has no control are occasionally administered through the floor is a way to create

Color blindness is a recessive trait. the gene for color blindness is on the x chromosome. the family tree below shows the trait of color blindness. the only unknown is the mother in the first generation

Describe how alleles and genes are related

Sara goes on a slingshot ride in an amusement park. she is strapped into a spherical ball that has a radius 3*10^2 of centimeters. what is the volume of air in the spherical ball? use this formula: volume of a sphere=4/3pi, r^3 , where r is the sphere’s radius.