If a person experiences rapid breathing, muscle twitches, and perspiration when trying to quit using illegal opiates, he or she has probably developed

This person is experiencing common physical symptoms of what is called "withdrawals". Opiates, when used illegally, can be highly addictive. This drug targets the central nervous system (the brain, cardiovascular and respiratory systems) and contains opioid receptors that receive opiate drugs. Abusing this drug can disrupt a person's brain chemistry, leading to severe physical withdrawal symptoms as listed in the question.

option a is correct i.e.

only sodium ions can pass through the membrane.

explanation:

in context to the membrane of nerve impulse, the outer membrane of neuron is semi permeable that is only sodium ions can pass through the membrane i.e. smaller ions can pass through the membrane while larger ions cannot pass through it.