The author indicates that caloric reduction extends the life of a mammalian cell by

You have a solution that contains phospholipid vesicles in a test tube. these vesicles have phospholipid bilayers, but do not contain any membrane transporters. you add a number of different molecules to the solution, and wait a period of time for them to equilibrate. if you could measure the concentration of each molecule, for which of the following would you expect to measure equal concentrations inside and outside of the vesicles? assume for this question that the overall osmolarity inside and outside the vesicles is the same (that is, there is no appreciable diffusion of water across the membrane). (select two answers) an amino acid with a hydrophobic side-chain a small non-polar molecule a negatively charged ion a small polar molecule a small lipid hormone

4.06 hc)a five-year review of threats to the southern resident orca population of the united states concluded that the top threats were prey availability, contaminants, and effects from recreational and whale watching vessels. further down the list are oil spills, disease, and effects from commercial vessels not targeting whales. how might this list be different if it were for transient whale populations, which have a larger average population size and live farther offshore in open waters? a)the transient population is more likely to be affected by contaminants. b)the transient population is less likely to be affected by whale watching vessels. c)the transient population is more likely to be affected by disease. d)the transient population is less likely to be affected by prey availability.

I’m stuck on this question cuz i’m stupid sksksksk