One of the amino acids forms covalent bonds with another of its kind elsewhere in protein chains. this property is used to stiffen protein structures, especially those that will be sent into harsh environments outside the cell. which amino acid is it?

The amino acid is cysteine. Cysteine has a thiol group as its side chain, and the oxidation of these thiol groups allows for the formation of disulfide bridges between two cysteins to occur in proteins. The formation of a disulfide bridge increases the rigidity of the protein's folded structure, helping to maintain the protein's structure and to prevent unfolding. While the reducing environment found within the cell often prevents the formation of these disulfide bridges by preventing oxidation these bonds can form in the extracellular environment, and so the disulfide bridges formed by cysteines contribute to maintaining cellular stability outside the cell.

Calcinosis is the diagnostic term that means an abnormal buildup of calcium on the kneecap (patellar) surface. it is a term uses to describe a group of disorders in which calcium deposits form in the skin. it is also referred to the abnormal deposit of calcium phosphate.

Air enters through the nose (and sometimes the mouth), moves through the nasal cavity, the  pharynx, the  larynx, enters the  trachea, moves through the  bronchi  andbronchioles  till the alveoli.