What has to exist for atp synthase to directly produce atp?

The appropriate response is proton gradient. The result of the electron transport chain. A higher convergence of protons outside the inward film of the mitochondria than inside the layer is the main impetus behind ATP union. The electrochemical proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane is used to drive ATP synthesis in the process of oxidative Phosphorylation.

Brother ur in collage do it yourself or i will tell prof. mike