What are some factors that affect food spoilage caused by the growth of microorganisms in foods or by the action of microbial enzymes

Which incident would result in primary succession instead of secondary succession?

Currents are caused by temperature and density differences

Some species of hummingbirds have different shapes of beaks that evolved to allow them to drink from certain flowers. the flower species have evolved to produce nectar that is tasty for the hummingbirds. this example is a type of . cuckoos lay eggs in the nests of other birds. the cuckoo lays eggs identical to the eggs of the host species, so the other bird takes care of it. this is an example of .