Why is it important that the unmutated pGLO plasmid is digested with the same restriction enzymes as the mutated pGLO plasmid

Which of the following is a consequence of urban heat islands? increased precipitation downwind of the city? increased precipitation upwind of the city? decreased winds within the city? increased winds within the city?

All individuals have two alleles for a given trait. according to mendel's these alleles are passed down one each from both mother and father.

Which is an advantage of having memory cells when a pathogen is encountered for a second time. a) the memory cells are what proliferate into clones of cells in response to the binding of an antigen. b) memory cells are vital to the primary immune response in that they immediately recognize pathogens even at the first encounter. c) memory cells are essentially effector cells that are short lived and attack antigens even without having a receptor specific to that antigen. d) it ensures that more lymphocytes with a receptor specific to a particular antigen will be present than in a host that had never encountered that pathogen.