ndividuals with tolerant alleles have growth rates on unpolluted soil and growth rates on mined soils. Therefore, we would expect copper tolerance to be % on mine sites and % on unpolluted sites if natural selection is acting alone. However, index of copper tolerance decreases from the downwind side of the mine. This is example where constrains selection.

the calvin cycle has three stages. in stage 1, the enzyme rubisco incorporates carbon dioxide into an organic molecule. in stage 2, the organic molecule is reduced. in stage 3, rubp, the molecule that starts the cycle, is regenerated so that the cycle can continue

just here for the other one bc they put up with u

the fossil record provides evidence of a common ancestor to many species.